A 5-storybuilding in Shanghai “walks” to a new location

上海，一座5层建筑“行走”到新址

 

Shanghai residents passing through the city's eastern Huangpu district earlier this month might have stumbled upon an unusual sight: a "walking" building.

本月早些时候，上海市民在路过本市东部的黄浦区时，可能会发现一个不寻常的景象:一座正在“行走”的大楼。

An 85-year-old primary school has been lifted off the ground -- in its entirety -- and relocated using new technology dubbed the "walking machine."

一座有85年历史的小学被整体抬离地面，并用一个被称为“步履行走器”的新型移位装置把它安放到新的位置。

In the city's latest effort to preserve historic  structures , engineers attached nearly 200mobile supports under the five-story building, according to Lan Wuji, chieftechnical supervisor of the project.

据该项目首席工程师蓝戊己介绍：这是该市保护历史建筑的最新举措，工程师们在这座五层楼的建筑下面安装了近200个移位装置。

 The supports actlike robotic legs. They're split into two groups which alternately rise up and down, imitating the human stride. Attached sensors help control how the building moves forward, said Lan, whose company Shanghai Evolution Shift developed the new technology in 2018.

这些移位装置就像机械腿一样。它们分成两组，轮流地上升和下降，模仿人类走路的样子。蓝戊己说：安装的位移传感器通过计算机系统控制大楼向前移动。他领导的上海天演移位公司在2018年开发了这项新技术。

 "It's like giving the building crutches so it can stand up and then walk," he said.

他说:“这就好比把建筑物的墙柱切断后，给它拄上双拐，建筑物就可以站立和行走了。”

A timelapse shot by the company shows the school inching laboriously along, one tiny step at atime.

从该公司拍摄的延时摄影中可以看到，学校在缓缓地一步一步地前进着。 

根据黄浦区政府的一份声明，喇格纳小学是由上海原法租界市政委员会于1935年建造的。它们迁移是为了给建造新的商业和办公综合体腾出空间，该综合体将于2023年完工。

Workers had to first dig around the building to install the 198 mobile supports in the spaces underneath, Lan explained. After the pillars of the building were truncated, the robotic "legs" were then extended upward, lifting the building before moving forward.

工人们首先在建筑周围的底部挖掘，在房屋的基础部位安装198个移动装置，蓝解释说。在建筑物的支柱被截断后，机械腿就会向上顶起，然后向前滑动，从而实现建筑物的向前旋转移位。

Over the course of 18 days, the building was rotated 21 degrees and moved 62 meters (203 feet) away to its new location. The relocation was completed on October 15, with the old school building set to become a center for heritage protection and cultural education.

在18天的时间里，大楼被旋转了21度，移动了62米(203英尺)到达新址。这次搬迁已于10月15日完成，旧校舍将成为遗产保护和文化教育中心。

The project marks the first time this "walking machine" method has been used in Shanghai to relocate a historical building, the government statement said.

政府在声明中表示，该项目标志着这种“步履行走器”的移位技术首次在上海用于历史建筑的迁移保护。

Decades of destruction  近几十年的损失
In recent decades,China's rapid modernization has seen many historic buildings razed to clear land for gleaming skyscrapers and office buildings. But there has been growing concern about the architectural heritage lost as a result of demolition across the country.

近几十年来，中国快速的现代化进程使得许多历史建筑被夷为平地，以建造光鲜亮丽的摩天大楼和商办综合体。人们越来越担心全国各地的建筑遗产会由此拆除而消失。

Some cities have launched new preservation and conservation campaigns including, on occasion, the use of advanced technologies that allowold buildings to be relocated rather than demolished.

一些城市发起了新的保护运动，包括允许使用先进技术迁移保护旧建筑而不是将它拆除。

Official indifference toward historic architecture can be traced back to the ruleof Communist Party leader Mao Zedong. During the disastrous Cultural Revolution, from 1966 to 1976, innumerable historic buildings and monuments were destroyed as part of his war on the "Four Olds" (old customs,culture, habits and ideas).

官方对于历史建筑的不重视可以追溯到文化大革命时期。在1966年至1976年间，作为对“四旧”(旧思想、旧文化、旧风俗、旧习惯)的战争的一部分，数不清的古建筑和文化遗产遭到破坏。

Can'fast-forward' China safeguard its past?  “快进”的中国能保卫自己的历史遗存吗?

Mao's death in 1976 saw calls for architectural conservation reemerge, with China's government granting protected status to a number of structures before passing a heritage preservation law in the 1980s. In the years that followed, buildings, neighborhoods and even entire towns were given state support to maintain their historic appearances.

1976年毛泽东去世后，要求保护历史建筑的呼声再度出现。1980年代，中国政府通过了一项文物保护法，并授予了一些建筑受保护的地位。在随后的几年里，政府给予建筑物、社区甚至整个城镇的保护支持，以保持它们的历史风貌。

Nonetheless,relentless urbanization has continued to pose a significant threat to architectural heritage. The sale of land is also a key source of revenue for local governments, meaning that buildings with architectural value are often sold off to property developers for whom conservation is not a priority.

然而，无情的城市化还是继续对建筑遗产构成重大威胁。土地出售是地方政府的一个重要收入来源，这意味着具有历史、文化、艺术价值的建筑经常被卖给房地产开发商，而对开发商来说，保护历史风貌并不是首要任务。

In the capital Beijing, for instance, more than 1,000 acres of its historic alleys and traditional courtyard homes were destroyed between 1990 and 2010, according to state-run newspaper China Daily.

据官方报纸《中国日报》(China Daily)报道，仅在首都北京，1990至2010年期间，超过1,000多英亩的历史小巷和传统四合院被毁。

Should China move its historic monuments?  中国应该迁走其历史古迹吗? 

In the early 2000s,cities including Nanjing andBeijing -- prompted by critics protesting the loss of old neighborhoods -- drewup long-term plans to preserve what was left of their historic sites, with protections introduced to safeguard buildings and restrict developers.

在21世纪初，包括南京和北京在内的城市——在抗议失去老社区的批评人士的推动下——制定了长期计划，以保护遗留下来的历史遗迹，并采取有力的保护措施来保护建筑和限制开发商。

These conservation efforts have taken different forms. In Beijing, a near-ruined temple was transformed into a restaurant and gallery, while in Nanjing, a cinema from the 1930s was restored to resemble its original form, with some additions outfitting it for modern use.In 2019, Shanghai welcomed Tank Shanghai, an arts center built in renovated oil tanks.

这些保护措施采取了不同的形式。在北京，一个差点被毁的寺庙被改造成了餐馆和画廊，而在南京，一个20世纪30年代的电影院被恢复了原样，并增加了一些设施以适应现代使用。2019年，上海迎来了Tank Shanghai（油罐艺术中心），这是一个由油罐改造而成的艺术中心。

"Relocation is not the first choice, but better than demolition," said Lan, the Shanghai primary school's project supervisor. "I'd rather not touch the historical buildings at all."

“迁移不是第一选择，但比拆除要好，”上海小学移位项目的主管蓝戊己说。“我宁愿根本不去碰那些历史建筑。”

He added that to relocate a monument, companies and developers have to go through strict regulations, such as getting approval from government at various levels.

他补充说，迁移历史文化建筑，迁移的施工企业和土地开发商必须遵循政府的各项严格规定，比如迁移保护方案要得到相关级别政府的批准。 

Building relocations he said however, are "a viable option." "The central government is putting more emphasis on the protection of historical buildings.I'm happy to see that progress in recent years."

但他说，建筑迁移只是“一种可选择的措施”。“中央政府越来越重视历史建筑的保护。近年来，我很高兴看到这一进展。”

Moving monuments  历史文化建筑的迁移保护

Shanghai has arguably been China's most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The survival of a number of 1930s buildings in the famous Bund district and 19th-century "shikumen"(or "stone gate") houses in the renovated Xintiandi neighborhood have offered examples of how to give old buildings new life, despite some criticism about how the redevelopments were carried out.

在遗产保护方面，上海可以说是中国最进步的城市。在著名的外滩地区，一些20世纪30年代的建筑和19世纪的“石库门”(或“石门”)房屋在改造新天地社区时被大面积保留，提供了如何赋予老建筑新的生命的例子，尽管一些人对重建的方式提出了批评。

The city also has a track record of relocating old buildings. In 2003, the Shanghai Concert Hall, built in 1930,was moved over 66 metes(217 feet) to make way for an elevated highway. The Zhengguanghe Building -- a six-story warehouse, also from the 1930s -- was then shifted 125 feet (38 meters) as part of a local redevelopment in 2013.

该市也有搬迁旧建筑的记录。2003年，建于1930年的上海音乐厅被移动了66米(217英尺)以上，为一条高架道路让路。2013年，作为当地再开发项目的一部分，正广和大厦——一座同样建于20世纪30年代的六层仓库——被移动了125英尺(38米)。

More recently, in 2018, the city relocated a 90-year-old building in Hongkou district, in what was then considered to be Shanghai's most complex relocation project to date, according to state-run news agency Xinhua.

据官方通讯社新华社报道，2018年，上海市重新安置了虹口区一座有90年历史的建筑，当时被认为是上海迄今为止最复杂的搬迁项目。

"During my 23 years of working in this area, I haven't seen any other company that can move structures in a curve," he added.

“我在这个领域工作23年了，还没见过其他公司能够采用精确的曲线移位方式移动建筑，”他补充道。

Experts and technicians met to discuss possibilities and test a number of different technologies before deciding on the "walking machine," Xinhua said.

新华社说，专家和技术人员在决定使用“步履行走器”之前进行了讨论，并测试了多种不同的技术方案。

Lan told CNN hecouldn't share the exact cost of the project, and that relocation costs will differ case by case.

蓝戊己在接受CNN采访时表示，他不能分享移位项目的具体费用，而且移位费用也会因被搬迁的建筑而异。

"It can't beused as a reference, because we have to preserve the historical building nomatter what," he said. "But in general, it's cheaper than demolishing and then rebuilding something in a new location."

“它不能被用作参考，因为无论如何我们都要保护这个历史建筑。”他说“但总的来说，对于“非文物建筑”或“非历史保护建筑”采用迁移保护的方法比拆除重建要便宜。

英文稿来自2020年10月30日CNN网站